Why both Algebra and Calculus?

The calculus

• is higher-level and uniform;

• has a solid theoretical basis;

• closely resembles OODB languages;

• is easy to normalize.

The algebra

• is lower-level;

• can be directly translated into physical algorithms;

• is a better basis for query unnesting.

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We use both algebra and calculus because the calculus is higher-level and uniform, has a solid theoretical basis, closely resembles OODB languages, and is easy to normalize. On the other hand, the algebra is lower-level, can be directly translated into physical algorithms, and is a better basis for query unnesting.